?_@}0'l<, MAKEINDEX/&;)z4vQVvWR  |CONTEXTu|CTXOMAPod|FONTc|KWBTREEhe|KWDATAzd|KWMAPWe|SYSTEM|TOPICo|TTLBTREEmZABhAB__ < H1fHrMAKEINDEX_03 {/ , MAKEINDEX (0) MAKEINDEX is a general purpose index processor. It takes one or more raw index files (normally generated by a formatter), sorts the entries, and produces the actual index file. It is not dependent on any particular format of raw index file, although the .IDX file generated by LaTeX is the default. Up to three levels (0, 1, and 2) of subitem nesting within the same entry is supported. The input format may be redefined in a style file so that raw index or glossaryHrN jS output from other formatters may be processed. The style file also defines the style of output index file. Unless specified otherwise, the file name base of the first input file (idx0) is used to determine other related input/output files. The default input file type is .IDX. Format: MAKEINDEX [options] idx0 [idx1 idx2 ...]Options Style_file Example Ordering Special_effects : {1'Options_1{r'i %Options (1) MAKEINDEX is a Unix program, and therefore has a Unix-style command line. Instead of qualifiers delimited with a slash (/), MAKEINDEX options are delimited with a hyphen.-i -l -q -r -c -s sty -o ind -t log -p no 5\1:\-i_2{'( -i (2) Use stdin as the input file. When this option is specified and the -o is not, output is written to stdout.5\414-l_3f( -l (3) Use letter ordering. Default is word ordering (explained in the ORDERING section).541%:f-q_4* "-q (4) Quiet mode, send no messages to stderr. By default progress and error messages are sent to stderr as well as the transcript file. The -q option disables the stderr messages.5 1 -r_5d8 , &q-r (5) Disable implicit page range formation. By default three or more successive pages will be automatically abbreviated as a range (e.g. 1--5). The -r option disables it, making the explicit range operators the only way to create page ranges (see the SPECIAL EFFECTS section below).5 1)fh -c_6 * "-c (6) Enable blank compression. By default every blank counts in the index key. The -c option ignores leading and trailing blanks and tabs and compresses intermediate ones to a single space.9 1"  -s sty_7 * "u-s sty (7) Take sty as the style file. There is no default for the style file name. The environment variable INDEXSTYLE defines the path where the style file should be found.9 1h  -o ind_8 * "y-o ind (8) Take ind as the output index file. By default the file name base of the first input file idx0 concatenated with the extension .ind is used as the output file name.9 1#" -t log_9 * "-t log (9) Take log as the transcript file. By default the file name base of the first input file idx0 concatenated with the extension .ilg is used as the transcript file name.9A1I A]D-p no_100}A/ ,-p no (10) Set the starting page number of the output index file to be no. This is useful when the index file is to be formatted separaA}Ately. Other than pure numbers, three special cases are allowed for no: any, odd, and even. In these special cases, the starting page number is determined by retrieving the last page number from the source log file. The source log file name is determined by concatenating the file name base of the first raw index file (idx0) with the extensionAC- ( .log. The last source page is obtained by searching backward in the log file for the first instance of a number included in [...]. If a page number is missing or the log file is not found, no attempt will be made to set the starting page number. The meaning of each of these cases follows. any The starting page is the last source page number plus 1. odd The starting page is the first odd page}A]D& k following the last source page number. even The starting page is the first even page following the last source page number.> CD1Z D DHStyle_file_115]DF/ , Style_file (11) The style file format is very simple. It is a list of pairs. There are two types of specifiers (input and output). The pairs don't have to obey any particular order in the file. A line lead by `%' is a comment. The following is a list of all the specifiers and their respective arguments where is an arbitrary string delimited by double quotes ("..."), is a single letter embraced by single quotes ('...'), and is aDH6 :c nonnegative integer. The maximum length of a is 144. Notice that a backslash must be escaped (by an extra backslash) in the string quotation. Anything not specified in the style file will be assigned a default value, which is shown at the rightmost column. This file can reside anywhere in the path defined by the environment variable INDEXSTYLE.Input_Style_Specifiers Output_Style_Specifiers JFI1& IPJInput_Style_Specifiers_12OHPJm Input_Style_Specifiers (12)keyword arg_open arg_close range_open range_close level actual encap quote escape DIJ1D JCKkeyword _13PJCK, &keyword (13) "\\indexentry" This is the command which tells MakeIndex that its argument is an index entry.CJK1&KLarg_open _14_CKL* $arg_open (14) '{' This is the opening delimiter for the index entry argument.DKSL1hSLLarg_close _15`LL* $arg_close (15) '}' This is the closing delimiter for the index entry argument.ESL"M1ۈ"MMrange_open _16sLM+ &range_open (16) '(' The opening delimiter indicating the beginning of an explicit page range.F"MN1hENNrange_close _17jMN* $range_close (17) ')' The closing delimiter indicating the end of an explicit page range.@NN1ۈNXOlevel _18~TNXO* $level (18) '!' The delimiter which denotes a new level of subitem.ANO1EOIactual _19zXOI* $actual (19) '@' The symbol which indicates OIXO that the next entry is to appear in the actual index file.@O1 Vencap _20IV, &Cencap (20) '|' The symbol which indicates that the rest of the argument list is to be used as the encapsulating command for the page number.@1܁quote _21FV܁( <quote (21) '"'A1escape _22f7܁/ ,oescape (22) '\\' The symbol which escapes the next letter, unless its preceding letter is escape. In other words, quote is used to escape the letter which immediately follows it. But if it is preceded by escape, it does not escape anything. Notice that the two symbols must be distinct.K΃1w΃,Output_Style_Specifiers_23^, Output_Style_Specifiers (23)preamble postamble setpage_prefix setpage_suffix group_skip lethead_prefix lethead_suffix lethead_flag item_0 item_1 item_2 item_01 item_x1 item_12 item_x2 delim_0 delim_1 delim_2 delim_n delim_r encap_prefix encap_infix encap_suffix line_max indent_space indent_length E΃q1qpreamble _24Z,* $preamble (24) "\\begin{theindex}\n" The preamble of actual index file.Fq;1w/;Èpostamble _25^È* $postamble (25) "\n\n\\end{theindex}\n" The postamble of actual index file.K;1setpage_prefix _26È+ $setpage_prefix (26) "\n \\setcounter{page}{" The prefix of the command which sets the starting page number.K1/setpage_suffix _27l* $setpage_suffix (27) "}\n" The suffix of the command which sets the starting page number.G1group_skip _28w* $group_skip (28) "\n\n \\indexsapce\n" The vertical space to be inserted before a new group begins.K͋1͋^lethead_prefix _29g^* $lethead_prefix (29) "" The header prefix to be inserted before a new letter begins.K͋1`:lethead_suffix _30g^:* $lethead_suffix (30) "" The header suffix to be inserted before a new letter begins.I1nlethead_flag _31<:. *lethead_flag (31) 0 The flag indicating the condition of inserting new letter header. Default is 0, which means no header. Positive means insert an uppercase letter between prefix and suffix. Negative means insert a lowercase letter.C1` item_0 _32m* $item_0 (32) "\n \\item " The command to be inserted between two primary (level 0) items.C܏1n!܏item_1 _33u* $܏item_1 (33) "\n \\subitem " The command to be inserted between two secondary (level 1) items.C܏1n"bitem_2 _34nb* $item_2 (34) "\n \\subsubitem " The command to be inserted between two level 2 items.D1#Gitem_01 _35xbG) "item_01 (35) "\n \\subitem " The command to be inserted between a level 0 item and a level 1 item.D1\nҁ$item_x1 _36G, &item_x1 (36) "\n \\subitem " The command to be inserted between a level 0 item and a level 1 item. The difference between this and previous is that in this case the level 0 item doesn't have any page numbers.D1N%item_12 _37|* $item_12 (37) "\n \\subsubitem " The command to be inserted between a level 1 item and a level 2 item.D1aҁ>&item_x2 _38- (item_x2 (38) "\n \\subsubitem " The command to be inserted between a level 1 item and a level 2 item. The difference between this and previous is that in this case the level 1 item doesn't have any page numbers.D21 Nۃ'2delim_0 _39, &;delim_0 (39) ", " The delimiter to be inserted between a level 0 key and its first page number. Default is a comma followed by a blank.D2?1 >x(?delim_1 _40, &;delim_1 (40) ", " The delimiter to be inserted between a level 1 key and its first page number. Default is a comma followed by a blank.D?L1 ۃ)Ldelim_2 _41, &;delim_2 (41) ", " The delimiter to be inserted between a level 2 key and its first page number. Default is a comma followed by a blank.DLY1x*Y,delim_n _42,, &Odelim_n (42) ", " The delimiter to be inserted between two page numbers for the same key in any level. Default is a comma followed by a blank.DYp1<+pdelim_r _43,, &delim_r (43) "--" The delimiter to be inserted between the starting and ending page numbers of a range.Ipe1,eencap_prefix _44i* $encap_prefix (44) "\\" The prefix for the command which encapsulates the page number.He@1< -@encap_infix _45g* $encap_infix (45) "{" The prefix for the command which encapsulates the page number.I@1t.encap_suffix _46h* $encap_suffix (46) "}" The suffix for the command which encapsulates the page number.E1 /line_max _47s+ &line_max (47) 72 The maximum length of a line in the output beyond which a line wraps around.I1t`0|indent_space _48y|+ &indent_space (48) "\t\t" The space to be inserted in front of a wrapped line. Default is two tabs.J1$1tindent_length _49w|t+ &indent_length t| (49) 16 The length of indent_space. In the default case this is 16 (for 2 tabs).; 1:`v2Example_50$t6 :Example (50) The following example shows a style file called book.isty which defines a stand-alone index for a book. By stand-alone, we mean it can be formatted independent of the main source. preamble "\\documentstyle[12pt]{book} \\begin{document} \\begin{theindex} {\\small\n" postamble "\n\n} \\end{theindex} \\end{document}\n". * Suppose a particular book style requires the index (as well as any chapters) to start from an odd page number. Given FOO.IDX as the raw index file, the following command line produces an index in file FOO-.IND. MAKEINDEX -s book.isty -o foo-.ind -p odd foo The reason to use a non-default output file name is to avoid clobbering the source output (presumably foo.dvi) because if the index is in file foo.ind, its output will also be in foo.dvi as a% 7 result of separate formatting using . In the example the index is in foo-.ind, its output will be in foo-.dvi and thus introduces no confusion.< 1j 3 Ordering_51 1 0Ordering (51) By default makeindex assumes word ordering. The -l option turns it into letter ordering. The only difference is whether a blank is treated as an effective letter or not. In word ordering, a blank precedes any letter in the alphabet, whereas in letter ordering, it doesn't count at all. This is best illustrated by the following example: word order letter order sea lion seal 0 . seal sea lion Numbers are sorted in numeric order. For instance, 9 (nine), 123 10 (ten), see Derek, Bo Letters are first sorted with uppercase and lowercase considered identical; then, within identical words the uppercase letter precedes its lowercase counterpart. Patterns lead by a special symbol precede numbers, which precede patterns lead by a letter. The symbol here refers to anything not in &  the union of digits and English alphabet. This includes those which follow 'z' in the ASCII chart. As a special case, anything started with a digit but mixed with non-digits is considered a symbol-leading pattern instead of a number.C [ 1v4[ VOSpecial_effects_523  8 >Special_effects (52) In the normal case entries such as \indexentry{alpha}{1} \indexentry{alpha!beta}{3} \indexentry{alpha!beta!gamma}{10} in the raw index file will be converted to \item alpha, 1 \subitem beta, 3 \subsubitem gamma, 10 in the output index file by makeindex. Notice that the level symbol (`!') is used to delimit levels of nesting. It is possible to make an item appear in a designated form by usingD[ 2 2% the actual (`@') operator. For instance, \indexentry{alpha@{\it alpha\/}}{1} will become \item {\it alpha\/} 1 after the conversion. The idea is that the pattern preceding `@' is used as sort key, whereas the one following it is put in the actual result. However, the same key with and without the actual part are regarded as distinct entries. It is also possible to encapsulate a page number with a designated command using the encap (`|') operator. For example, in the defaultD "B1 0'"B  case, \indexentry{alpha|bold}{1} will be converted to \item alpha \bold{1} where \bold{n} will expand to {\bf n}. This allows the encap operator to be used to set pages in different fonts, thereby conveying more information about whatever being indexed. For instance, given the same key the page where its definition appears can be in one font while where its primary example is given can be in another, with other ordinary appearances in a third. Notice that in(D/ , this example, the three output attributes associated with page encapsulation encap_prefix, encap_infix, and encap_suffix correspond respectively to backslash, left brace, and right brace. If this is to be formatted by languages other than , they would be defined differently. By the same token, the encap operator can be used to make cross references in the index. For instance, \indexentry{alpha|see{beta}}{1} will become"B*F5 8 \item alpha \see{beta}{1} in the output index file after the conversion, where \see{beta}{1} will expand to {\it see\/} beta Notice that in a cross reference like this the page number disappears. Therefore, where to insert such a command in the source is immaterial. A pair of encap concatenated with range_open (`|(') and with range_close (`|)') creates an explicit page range. That is,; (DeH1 0 \indexentry{alpha|(}{1} \indexentry{alpha|)}{5} will become \item alpha, 1--5 Intermediate pages indexed by the same key will be merged into the range implicitly. This is especially useful when an entire section about a particular subject is to be indexed, in which case only the range opening and closing operators need to be inserted at the beginning and end of the section, respectively. This explicit page range formation can also include an extra command/*FJ8 > to set the page range in a designated font. Thus \indexentry{alpha|(bold}{1} \indexentry{alpha|)}{5} will become \item alpha, \bold{1--5} A couple of special cases are worth mentioning here. First, entries like \indexentry{alpha|(}{1} \indexentry{alpha|bold}{3} \indexentry{alpha|)}{5} will be interpreted as \item alpha, \bold{3}, 1--5 but with a warning message in the transcript about the encounter ofeHL1 0 an inconsistent page encapsulator. Secondly, an explicit range beginning in a Roman page number and ending in Ababic is considered an error. In a case like this the range is broken into two subranges, if possible, one in Roman, the other in Arabic. For instnace, \indexentry{alpha|(}{i} \indexentry{alpha}{iv} \indexentry{alpha}{3} \indexentry{alpha|)}{7} will be turned into \item alpha, 1--iv, 3--7JN4 6 with a warning message in the transcript complaining about the illegal range formation. Finally, every special symbol mentioned in this section may be escaped by the quote operator (`"'). Thus \indexentry{alpha"@beta}{1} will actually become \item alpha@beta, 1 as a result of executing makeindex. However, if quote is preceded by escape (`\'), its following letter is not escaped. That is, \indexentry{f\"ur}{1}hLVO'  means \item f\"ur, 1 which represents umlaut accented `u' to the family of processors.1N15pg0HelvRKZ|bN^Symbol]jar:z :" fh >ۃx< `DnnҁN&`Etvwۈh/ /&;)i249244: FFF55-c-i-l-o ind -p no-q-r-s sty-t log actual $arg_close (arg_open ,delim_0 0delim_1 4delim_2 8delim_n <delim_r @encap Dencap_infix Hencap_prefix Lencap_suffix Pescape TExampleXgroup_skip \indent_length `indent_space dInput_Style_Specifiershitem_0 litem_01 pitem_1 titem_12 xitem_2 |item_x1 item_x2 keyword lethead_flag lethead_prefix lethead_suffix level line_max MAKEINDEXOptionsOrderingOutput_Style_Specifierspostamble preamble quote range_close range_open setpage_prefix setpage_suffix Special_effectsStyle_fileF~} ~s~ FV F &9U} &9E s&uvv+P&;Ft;VtF &uFP RP#= ty tr 0^F&F &uFċVƉFމV&M &]+ډ~F;Nu ;^u+F^&G&W FV=u;u9V}~9FstVRP+P&;Ft;VtVFPRP#D=t tvFVFV=u;uFV9V}9Fr~tFVFV~֍vЎFVFVvRP+Q&a;Fu$;VuvFPRP#H=u uq0&^F u=^&4FVFVFVFVFN^N^;uP;uLFVFVFVFV~t3FvFVFV=u;t+Fv*FFVFVFV^ &G&W F~tZVvv&^& tg~ FVF &E &U~u~uF &E&E FFFVFV;FuX;VuSVRP+P&;Ft;VtVFPRP#=t tF΋VFVFҋVԉFVVvv+P&/;FtW;VtOVFPRP$s/&;)LzPb^ &6a6MAKEINDEX_0Options_1-i_2:-l_3-q_4f-r_5-c_6h-s sty_7" -o ind_8 -t log_9 -p no_10Style_file_11DInput_Style_Specifiers_12&keyword _13arg_open _14arg_close _15hrange_open _16ۈrange_close _17Elevel _18actual _19encap _20quote _21escape _22Output_Style_Specifiers_23wpreamble _24postamble _25/setpage_prefix _26setpage_suffix _27group_skip _28lethead_prefix _29lethead_suffix _30`lethead_flag _31nitem_0 _32item_1 _33item_2 _34nitem_01 _35item_x1 _36ҁitem_12 _37Nitem_x2 _38>delim_0 _39ۃdelim_1 _40xdelim_2 _41delim_n _42delim_r _43<encap_prefix _44encap_infix _45 encap_suffix _46tline_max _47indent_space _48`indent_length _49Example_50vOrdering_51 Special_effects_52ۋ&**+^_]UWVv ~^ F&8u t FG&*6+6:+u:tFG吸m7+"6؎F &*+*F&+*+^_]UVvΌ^ *6-F<uc7؋V^]UVvΌ^ *6,F<u︺7؋V^]@PRPf26U$WVNF u+FNF@Pv vf2]8FV t؋VV@PRPf2q8V uvv48뫐Fމ~Fv vvv vQ! 8 FV&E&U~t?^F&&Wv&&TFގ&?&G&G& Gu^FގF&&GN^F&G& GtF&w&<&Dv+&D&FގF&&G&G& u FގF&?&G^_]UWVvF&D& Dt &u&u4y9FPV4<8^_]UWV^ F u+~F ^FˉFFv&9, h_ Z?=nA`ԯ" {s ~oۈr63&hhP|:صfҺ?/2L<e3.x8,`H%w]&ߣi1 <3tl{EKRFN COn:PE޵WIdۃegDgN hbiswҁ%^yWV4Ο^_]UWVNv~ FG&F F&8uI  u+F]&F \&8~^_] UWV~F9F~v v FF+Fߎ&PQ&+WRc }v뽐 ~DFF9v~*v v NjV؎&RP&&+GP tЍD^_] U$WV^ vFF F܌^ދF uFvF&LN&̈Nv <tF8|F8~FF<u}؋~܋Fމ~ F vvPFV uv F F&<u+Fv &P P- t FF F &<u݋F vFF &<uvvV+P^&7iF@tH^~&^^F&G&+F &< uFFGNJ^F&^F&~tAF~(&P Pi tF &F&FGFF &<uЉ~J~F &P PA uՎF &F&FGFԐ~F&vv2v <tF؋+F^_]U WV~v Wv.FV u+^v FF &+E%Fـ^F&G&+FRP&FRPvV! vF~t F& ƋV^_] UWV^F u vvvvvv ! FF ^F&ON&ȉNFFVHFVF VFv;FsqF&D*&,*F;Fr-F9Fs%vvWvvvV t$FFF뵐&F&Ƌ@VGF뙐vv+F;vu;Fu&FG&vv{+F^_]UWVFFv v F^ &@2F%1F&@2F%1Ff& A2%1FF&A2%1FF&A2%1FF&B2%1FF&B2%1FF&B2% 1FF& B2%@1FFFF&"B2%1Ff&'A2%1Ff&o 2% 1Ff&w*2%1F&|.&?r%^ |?@s-^&F$^ W- ^&&WFFV^F&&WFtV^ |,